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The Pneumocystis life cycle Aliouat-Denis CM; Martinez A; Aliouat el M; Pottier M; Gantois N; Dei-Cas EMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009[May]; 104 (3): 419-26First recognised as 'schizonts' of Trypanosoma cruzi, Pneumocystis organisms are now considered as part of an early-diverging lineage of Ascomycetes. As no robust long-term culture model is available, most data on the Pneumocystis cell cycle have stemmed from ultrastructural images of infected mammalian lungs. Although most fungi developing in animals do not complete a sexual cycle in vivo, Pneumocystis species constitute one of a few exceptions. Recently, the molecular identification of several key players in the fungal mating pathway has provided further evidence for the existence of conjugation and meiosis in Pneumocystisorganisms. Dynamic follow-up of stage-to-stage transition as well as studies of stage-specific proteins and/or genes would provide a better understanding of the still hypothetical Pneumocystislife cycle. Although difficult to achieve, stage purification seems a reasonable way forward in the absence of efficient culture systems. This mini-review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical milestones leading to the current knowledge available on the Pneumocystis life cycle.|Animals[MESH]|Cell Cycle/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|Genes, Mating Type, Fungal/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|Life Cycle Stages/*physiology[MESH]|Microscopy, Electron, Transmission[MESH]|Pneumocystis/genetics/*growth & development/ultrastructure[MESH] |
