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lüll Natural killer cells in allogeneic transplantation: effect on engraftment, graft- versus-tumor, and graft-versus-host responses Gill S; Olson JA; Negrin RSBiol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009[Jul]; 15 (7): 765-76Natural killer (NK) cells are effectors of the innate immune system and recognize cells transformed by viruses or neoplasia. Their response to "missing self" signals was described 3 decades ago, but the recent discovery of a panoply of activating receptors has made it clear that NK cell reactivity arises from a combination of inhibitory and activating signals. Successful clinical exploitation of NK cell reactivity was demonstrated in allogeneic transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia from HLA-haploidentical donors when matched donors were not available. Multiple clinical studies have since attempted to use NK reactivity in the setting of both HLA-matched and -mismatched transplantation, with varying results. This review summarizes the heterogeneous clinical results and explains them based on a succinct description of NK cell biology.|*Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Graft Survival/*immunology[MESH]|Graft vs Host Disease/*immunology[MESH]|Graft vs Leukemia Effect/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Innate[MESH]|Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology[MESH]|Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*immunology/therapy[MESH]|Transplantation, Homologous[MESH] |