Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
 free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
 free
 free
Warning: file_get_contents(http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=19489924&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 445
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
lüll
Understanding tropism and immunopathological mechanisms of relapsing fever spirochaetes Cadavid D; Londono DClin Microbiol Infect 2009[May]; 15 (5): 415-21Mice infected with relapsing fever (RF) spirochaetes survive recurrent waves of high-level bacteraemia with little, if any, clinical complications or tissue injury. In the absence of B-cells, peak bacteraemia does not resolve, resulting in multi-organ complications. During peak bacteraemia, large amounts of interleukin-10 (IL-10) are produced in blood and tissues. In mice unable to clear peak bacteraemia, exogenous IL-10 greatly reduced the clinical manifestations, serum levels of CXCL13, cerebral microgliosis, and the pathogen load. In contrast, IL-10 deficiency in mice unable to clear peak bacteraemia resulted in microvascular complications with distinct severities, depending on the serotype: serotype 2 (Bt2), which causes peak bacteraemia of c. 10(8)/mL, resulted in rapid death from subarachnoid and intraparenchymal haemorrhage; in contrast, serotype 1, which causes peak bacteraemia of c. 10(7)/mL, resulted in milder multi-organ haemorrhage and thrombosis. IL-10 deficiency also resulted in multi-organ haemorrhage and thrombosis with infarction in wild-type mice despite lower peak bacteraemia. Two mechanisms for pathogen control have been identified: antibody clearance of peak bacteraemia, and antibody-independent lowering of bacteraemia via phagocytosis in the spleen. IL-10 plays opposite roles in pathogen control, depending on the severity of bacteraemia: during persistent high bacteraemia, IL-10 helps to control it by protecting innate immune cells from apoptosis; in contrast, during transient peak bacteraemia, IL-10 slows down antibody-mediated clearance. A successful outcome from RF depends on a balanced immune response to clear bacteraemia while avoiding microvascular injury, in which production of IL-10, in response to the pathogen load, plays a critical role.|Animals[MESH]|Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology[MESH]|B-Lymphocytes/immunology[MESH]|Bacteremia/immunology/pathology[MESH]|Chemokine CXCL13/blood[MESH]|Interleukin-10/immunology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Microvessels/pathology[MESH]|Phagocytosis/immunology[MESH]|Relapsing Fever/*immunology/*pathology[MESH] |
