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p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities Abbas T; Dutta ANat Rev Cancer 2009[Jun]; 9 (6): 400-14One of the main engines that drives cellular transformation is the loss of proper control of the mammalian cell cycle. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (also known as p21WAF1/Cip1) promotes cell cycle arrest in response to many stimuli. It is well positioned to function as both a sensor and an effector of multiple anti-proliferative signals. This Review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of p21 and its biological functions with emphasis on its p53-independent tumour suppressor activities and paradoxical tumour-promoting activities, and their implications in cancer.|Animals[MESH]|Cell Cycle[MESH]|Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/*physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Neoplasms/*physiopathology[MESH]|Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism[MESH] |
