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The diversity of costimulatory and inhibitory receptor pathways and the regulation of antiviral T cell responses Crawford A; Wherry EJCurr Opin Immunol 2009[Apr]; 21 (2): 179-86T cell responses are regulated by integrating positive and negative signals from costimulatory and inhibitory receptors. While the function of specific T cell costimulatory molecules during infections has been appreciated for some time, recent observations have now revealed a crucial role for inhibitory receptors in regulating T cell responses to pathogens, especially during chronic infections. A key emerging principle is that there is considerable diversity in the number and type of inhibitory receptors that can be expressed by T cells during both acute and chronic infections. These distinct inhibitory pathways appear to cooperate in regulating T cell function, could have distinct mechanisms of action, and are likely to provide novel therapeutic targets during persisting infections and other diseases.|Animals[MESH]|CD28 Antigens/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology[MESH]|Models, Immunological[MESH]|Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology[MESH]|Signal Transduction/*immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/virology[MESH]|Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/immunology[MESH]|Virus Diseases/immunology[MESH] |
