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Sensing pathogens and danger signals by the inflammasome Pedra JH; Cassel SL; Sutterwala FSCurr Opin Immunol 2009[Feb]; 21 (1): 10-6The NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing) family of intracellular sensors is a crucial component of the innate immune system. A number of NLR family members can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, and are capable of activating the cysteine protease caspase-1 in response to a wide range of stimuli including both microbial and self-molecules. Caspase-1 activation leads to processing and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-18, which play crucial roles in host defense to infectious insults. Dysregulation of the inflammasome has also been linked to a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Recent advances in the inflammasome field will be discussed in this review.|Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Autoimmune Diseases/genetics[MESH]|Bacterial Infections/*genetics/*immunology[MESH]|CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Caspase 1/genetics/immunology[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation[MESH]|Genetic Predisposition to Disease[MESH]|Host-Pathogen Interactions[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Innate[MESH]|Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Interleukin-1beta/immunology[MESH]|NLR Proteins[MESH]|Polymorphism, Genetic[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |
