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lüll Yeast prions: evolution of the prion concept Wickner RB; Edskes HK; Shewmaker F; Nakayashiki T; Engel A; McCann L; Kryndushkin DPrion 2007[Apr]; 1 (2): 94-100Prions (infectious proteins) analogous to the scrapie agent have been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Podospora anserina based on their special genetic characteristics. Each is a protein acting as a gene, much like nucleic acids have been shown to act as enzymes. The [URE3], [PSI(+)], [PIN(+)] and [Het-s] prions are self-propagating amyloids of Ure2p, Sup35p, Rnq1p and the HET-s protein, respectively. The [beta] and [C] prions are enzymes whose precursor activation requires their own active form. [URE3] and [PSI(+)] are clearly diseases, while [Het-s] and [beta] carry out normal cell functions. Surprisingly, the prion domains of Ure2p and Sup35p can be randomized without loss of ability to become a prion. Thus amino acid content and not sequence determine these prions. Shuffleability also suggests amyloids with a parallel in-register beta-sheet structure.|Amyloid/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Podospora/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Prions/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Protein Structure, Secondary[MESH]|Protein Structure, Tertiary[MESH]|Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism[MESH] |