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lüll Carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium Holmes AL; Wise SS; Wise JP SrIndian J Med Res 2008[Oct]; 128 (4): 353-72Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a commonly used industrial metal, is a well known human lung carcinogen. Epidemiology and animal studies suggest that the particulate Cr(VI) compounds, specifically the water insoluble compounds, are the more potent carcinogens; however, the carcinogenic mechanism remains unknown. Here we summarize recent Cr(VI)-induced human tumour, in vivo, cell culture and in vitro studies and put the data into context with three major paradigms of carcinogenesis: multistage carcinogenesis, genomic instability, and epigenetic modifications. Based on these studies, we propose a mechanism for chromate carcinogenesis that is primarily driven by the genomic instability paradigm.|Animals[MESH]|Carcinogenicity Tests[MESH]|Carcinogens/*toxicity[MESH]|Chromium/*toxicity[MESH]|Humans[MESH] |