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lüll The clinical significance of statistical significance Kane RCOncologist 2008[Nov]; 13 (11): 1129-33Modern clinical trials provide the evidence for most therapeutic advances, and that evidence, expressed in a statistical format, is used to draw inferences about a population from the study's results. Clinician judgment translates these inferences for best individual patient care, but many clinicians struggle with the statistical interpretation of trial results. This review provides a clinical and non-Bayesian perspective on some key elements in the statistical design, analysis, and interpretation of randomized, comparative, phase III clinical trials intended to demonstrate a better outcome (superiority) than with a control treatment.|*Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic[MESH]|*Statistics as Topic[MESH]|Endpoint Determination[MESH]|False Positive Reactions[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Proportional Hazards Models[MESH]|Research Design[MESH]|Sample Size[MESH] |