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lüll Cyclooxygenases: structural and functional insights Rouzer CA; Marnett LJJ Lipid Res 2009[Apr]; 50 Suppl (Suppl): S29-34Cyclooxygenase (COX; prostaglandin G/H synthase, EC 1.14.99.1) catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs). The two COX isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 are the targets of the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indicating a role for these enzymes in pain, fever, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. The ubiquitous constitutive expression of COX-1 and inducible expression of COX-2 have led to the widely held belief that COX-1 produces homeostatic PGs, while PGs produced by COX-2 are primarily pathophysiological. However, recent discoveries call this paradigm into question and reveal as yet underappreciated functions for both enzymes. This review focuses on some of these new insights.|Animals[MESH]|Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology[MESH]|Disease[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism[MESH] |