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Endothelium-dependent contractions: when a good guy turns bad!Vanhoutte PM; Tang EHJ Physiol 2008[Nov]; 586 (22): 5295-304Endothelial cells can induce contractions of the underlying vascular smooth muscle by generating vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endothelium-dependent contracting factor; EDCF). The endothelial COX-1 isoform of cyclooxygenase appears to play the dominant role in the phenomenon. Its activation requires an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. The production of EDCF is inhibited acutely and chronically by nitric oxide (NO), and possibly by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). The main prostanoids involved in endothelium-dependent contractions appear to be endoperoxides (PGH(2)) and prostacyclin, which activate thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Oxygen-derived free radicals can facilitate the production and/or the action of EDCF. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated by ageing, obesity, hypertension and diabetes, and thus are likely to contribute to the endothelial dysfunction observed in older people and in essential hypertensive patients.|Aging/physiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Calcium Signaling[MESH]|Endothelins/physiology[MESH]|Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Cardiovascular[MESH]|Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology[MESH]|Nitric Oxide/physiology[MESH]|Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism[MESH]|Receptors, Thromboxane/physiology[MESH]|Vascular Diseases/physiopathology[MESH]|Vasoconstriction/*physiology[MESH] |
