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The effect of long-term homocysteine-lowering on carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated vasodilation in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis Potter K; Hankey GJ; Green DJ; Eikelboom J; Jamrozik K; Arnolda LFBMC Cardiovasc Disord 2008[Sep]; 8 (ä): 24BACKGROUND: Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that homocysteine (tHcy) may be a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis. B-vitamin supplements reduce tHcy and improve endothelial function in short term trials, but the long-term effects of the treatment on vascular structure and function are unknown. METHODS: We conducted a sub-study of VITATOPS, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial designed to test the efficacy of long term B-vitamin supplementation (folic acid 2 mg, vitamin B6 25 mg and vitamin B12 0.5 mg) in the prevention of vascular events in patients with a history of stroke. We measured carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at least two years after randomisation in 162 VITATOPS participants. We also conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies designed to test the effect of B-vitamin treatment on CIMT and FMD. RESULTS: After a mean treatment period of 3.9 +/- 0.9 years, the vitamin-treated group had a significantly lower mean plasma homocysteine concentration than the placebo-treated group (7.9 micromol/L, 95% CI 7.5 to 8.4 versus 11.8 micromol/L, 95% CI 10.9 to 12.8, p < 0.001). Post-treatment CIMT (0.84 +/- 0.17 mm vitamins versus 0.83 +/- 0.18 mm placebo, p = 0.74) and FMD (median of 4.0%, IQR 0.9 to 7.2 vitamins versus 3.0%, IQR 0.6 to 6.6 placebo, p = 0.48) did not differ significantly between groups. A meta-analysis of published randomised data, including those from the current study, suggested that B-vitamin supplements should reduce CIMT (-0.10 mm, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.01 mm) and increase FMD (1.4%, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.1%). However, the improvement in endothelial function associated with homocysteine-lowering treatment was significant in short-term studies but not in longer trials. CONCLUSION: Although short-term treatment with B-vitamins is associated with increased FMD, long-term homocysteine-lowering did not significantly improve FMD or CIMT in people with a history of stroke.|*Dietary Supplements[MESH]|Aged[MESH]|Carotid Arteries/*drug effects/pathology/physiopathology[MESH]|Double-Blind Method[MESH]|Down-Regulation[MESH]|Drug Combinations[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Folic Acid/therapeutic use[MESH]|Homocysteine/*blood[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Regional Blood Flow[MESH]|Stroke/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology[MESH]|Time Factors[MESH]|Treatment Outcome[MESH]|Tunica Intima/*drug effects/pathology/physiopathology[MESH]|Tunica Media/*drug effects/pathology/physiopathology[MESH]|Vasodilation/*drug effects[MESH]|Vitamin B 12/therapeutic use[MESH]|Vitamin B 6/therapeutic use[MESH]|Vitamin B Complex/*therapeutic use[MESH] |
