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lüll Posterior segment manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome Banker ASIndian J Ophthalmol 2008[Sep]; 56 (5): 377-83Ocular manifestations can occur in up to 50% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and posterior segment involvement is the most common presentation. The posterior segment manifestations of AIDS can be divided into four categories: retinal vasculopathy, opportunistic infections, unusual malignancies and neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities. Retinal microvasculopathy and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis are the most common manifestations, even in the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Highly active anti-retroviral therapy has been shown to cause regression of CMV retinitis, reduce the incidence of CMV-related retinal detachments, and prolong patient survival. Immune recovery uveitis is a new cause of vision loss in patients on HAART. Diagnosis and treatment are guided by the particular conditions and immune status of the patient.|*AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/virology[MESH]|*Uveitis, Posterior/drug therapy/epidemiology/virology[MESH]|Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use[MESH]|HIV[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|India/epidemiology[MESH]|Morbidity/trends[MESH]|Prognosis[MESH] |