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lüll Developmental programming of a reduced nephron endowment: more than just a baby s birth weight Moritz KM; Singh RR; Probyn ME; Denton KMAm J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009[Jan]; 296 (1): F1-9The risk of developing many adult-onset diseases, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and renal disease, is increased in low-birth-weight individuals. A potential underlying mechanism contributing to the onset of these diseases is the formation of a low nephron endowment during development. Evidence from the human, as well as many experimental animal models, has shown a strong association between low birth weight and a reduced nephron endowment. However, other animal models, particularly those in which the mother is exposed to elevated glucocorticoids for a short period, have shown a 20-40% reduction in nephron endowment without discernible changes in the birth weight of offspring. Such findings emphasize that a low birth weight is one, but certainly not the only, predictor of nephron endowment and suggests reduced nephron endowment and risk of developing adult-onset disease, even among normal-birth-weight individuals. Recognition of the dissociation between birth weight and nephron endowment is important for future studies aimed at elucidating the role of a reduced nephron endowment in the developmental programming of adult disease.|Animals[MESH]|Diabetes Mellitus/etiology/physiopathology[MESH]|Disease Models, Animal[MESH]|Embryonic Development/*physiology[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Glucocorticoids/adverse effects[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hypertension/etiology/physiopathology[MESH]|Infant, Low Birth Weight/*physiology[MESH]|Infant, Newborn[MESH]|Nephrons/*abnormalities[MESH]|Pregnancy[MESH]|Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced/physiopathology[MESH] |