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lüll Neurobiology of apathy in Alzheimer s disease Guimaraes HC; Levy R; Teixeira AL; Beato RG; Caramelli PArq Neuropsiquiatr 2008[Jun]; 66 (2B): 436-43Apathy is considered the most frequent neuropsychiatric disturbance in dementia and its outcome is generally deleterious. Apathy can be related to a dysfunction of the anatomical-system that supports the generation of voluntary actions, namely the prefrontal cortex and/or the prefrontal-subcortical circuits. In Alzheimer's disease, pathological and neuroimaging data indicate that apathy is likely due to a dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, in this review article, we propose a pathophysiological model to explain apathetic behavior in Alzheimer's disease, combining data from neuroimaging, neuropathology and experimental research on the role of orbito-frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia and dopamine in decision-making neurobiology.|Affective Symptoms/*physiopathology/psychology[MESH]|Alzheimer Disease/*physiopathology/psychology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Basal Ganglia/physiopathology[MESH]|Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology/psychology[MESH]|Decision Making/*physiology[MESH]|Dopamine Agonists/metabolism[MESH]|Frontal Lobe/*physiopathology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Theoretical[MESH]|Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology[MESH] |