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lüll Sialic acids in human health and disease Varki ATrends Mol Med 2008[Aug]; 14 (8): 351-60The surfaces of all vertebrate cells are decorated with a dense and complex array of sugar chains, which are mostly attached to proteins and lipids. Most soluble secreted proteins are also similarly decorated with such glycans. Sialic acids are a diverse family of sugar units with a nine-carbon backbone that are typically found attached to the outermost ends of these chains. Given their location and ubiquitous distribution, sialic acids can mediate or modulate a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review considers some examples of their established and newly emerging roles in aspects of human physiology and disease.|Animals[MESH]|Communicable Diseases/metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Fertilization[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Polysaccharides/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Sialic Acids/chemistry/*metabolism[MESH] |