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Toll-like receptors: lessons to learn from normal and malignant human B cells Chiron D; Bekeredjian-Ding I; Pellat-Deceunynck C; Bataille R; Jego GBlood 2008[Sep]; 112 (6): 2205-13The humoral immune system senses microbes via recognition of specific microbial molecular motifs by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These encounters promote plasma cell differentiation and antibody production. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the TLR system in enhancing antibody-mediated defense against infections and maintaining memory B cells. These results have led the way to the design of vaccines that target B cells by engaging TLRs. In hematologic malignancies, cells often retain B cell-specific receptors and associated functions. Among these, TLRs are currently exploited to target different subclasses of B-cell leukemia, and TLR agonists are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. However, accumulating evidence suggests that endogenous TLR ligands or chronic infections promote tumor growth, thus providing a need for further investigations to decipher the exact function of TLRs in the B-cell lineage and in neoplastic B cells. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the latest advances with regard to the expression and function of TLRs in both healthy and malignant B cells. Special attention will be focused on the growth-promoting effects of TLR ligands on leukemic B cells and their potential clinical impact.|Antibody Formation[MESH]|B-Lymphocytes/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology[MESH]|Ligands[MESH]|Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology[MESH]|Toll-Like Receptors/*immunology[MESH] |
