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lüll Isoform-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors Bieliauskas AV; Pflum MKChem Soc Rev 2008[Jul]; 37 (7): 1402-13Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are transcription regulators linked to cancer. As a result, multiple small molecule HDAC inhibitors are in various phases of clinical trials as anti-cancer drugs. The majority of HDAC inhibitors non-selectively influence the activities of eleven human HDAC isoforms, which are divided into distinct classes. This tutorial review focuses on the recent progress toward the identification of class-selective and isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors. The emerging trends suggest that subtle differences in the active sites of the HDAC isoforms can be exploited to dictate selectivity.|*Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors[MESH]|Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology[MESH]|Binding Sites[MESH]|Cell Proliferation/*drug effects[MESH]|Drug Design[MESH]|Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology[MESH]|Histone Deacetylases/chemistry[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology[MESH]|Protein Isoforms/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry[MESH]|Tumor Cells, Cultured[MESH]|Vorinostat[MESH] |