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The Yin and Yang of interleukin-21 in allergy, autoimmunity and cancer Spolski R; Leonard WJCurr Opin Immunol 2008[Jun]; 20 (3): 295-301IL-21 is a type I cytokine that like IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 shares the common cytokine receptor gamma chain, gamma(c). IL-21 is produced by activated CD4(+) T cells, NKT cells, and Th17 cells and has pleiotropic actions on a range of lymphoid lineages. IL-21 regulates immunoglobulin production and drives B cell terminal differentiation into plasma cells, cooperatively expands CD8(+) T cells and drives Th17 differentiation, has inhibitory effects on antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and can be pro-apoptotic for B and NK cells. Moreover, IL-21 has potent anti-tumor effects and is implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. Regulating IL-21 actions in vivo therefore has clinical potential for a range of diseases and is an area of active investigation.|Animals[MESH]|Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy/*immunology[MESH]|Autoimmunity[MESH]|B-Lymphocytes/immunology[MESH]|CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology[MESH]|CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*immunology[MESH]|Interleukin-21[MESH]|Interleukins/*physiology/therapeutic use[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Neoplasms/*drug therapy[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin-21/metabolism[MESH] |
