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Molecular markers of radiation-related normal tissue toxicity Okunieff P; Chen Y; Maguire DJ; Huser AKCancer Metastasis Rev 2008[Sep]; 27 (3): 363-74Over the past five decades, those interested in markers of radiation effect have focused primarily on tumor response. More recently, however, the view has broadened to include irradiated normal tissues-markers that predict unusual risk of side-effects, prognosticate during the prodromal and therapeutic phases, diagnose a particular toxicity as radiation-related, and, in the case of bioterror, allow for tissue-specific biodosimetry. Currently, there are few clinically useful radiation-related biomarkers. Notably, levels of some hormones such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been used successfully as markers of dysfunction, indicative of the need for replacement therapy, and for prevention of cancers. The most promising macromolecular markers are cytokines: TGFbeta, IL-1, IL-6, and TNFalpha being lead molecules in this class as both markers and targets for therapy. Genomics and proteomics are still in nascent stages and are actively being studied and developed.|Animals[MESH]|Biomarkers/*analysis[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Radiation Injuries/*diagnosis[MESH]|Radiotherapy/*adverse effects[MESH] |
