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   English Wikipedia
 
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 Cancer chemotherapy with indole-3-carbinol, bis(3 -indolyl)methane and synthetic  analogs Safe S; Papineni S; Chintharlapalli SCancer Lett  2008[Oct]; 269 (2): 326-38Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) conjugates are phytochemicals expressed in brassica  vegetables and have been associated with the anticancer activities of vegetable  consumption. I3C and its metabolite bis(3'-indolyl)methane (DIM) induce  overlapping and unique responses in multiple cancer cell lines and tumors, and  these include growth inhibition, apoptosis and antiangiogenic activities. The  mechanisms of these responses are complex and dependent on cell context. I3C  and/or DIM activate or inactivate multiple nuclear receptors, induce endoplasmic  reticulum stress, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, and modulate  multiple signaling pathways including kinases. DIM has been used as a template to  synthesize a series of 1,1-bis(3'indolyl)-1-(substituted aromatic)methanes (i.e.  C-DIMs) which are also cytotoxic to cancer cells and tumors. Some of the effects  of C-DIMs resemble those reported for DIM analogs; however, structure-activity  studies with the aromatic ring has resulted in generation of highly unique  receptor agonists. For example, p-trifluoromethylphenyl, p-t-butylphenyl and  p-biphenyl analogs activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma  (PPARgamma), and p-methoxyphenyl and p-phenyl compounds activate nerve growth  factor-induced-Balpha (NGFI-Balpha, Nur77) orphan nuclear receptor. The effects  of C-DIMs on PPARgamma and Nur77 coupled with their receptor-independent  activities has resulted in the development of a novel group of multi-targeted  anticancer drugs with excellent potential for clinical treatment of cancer.|Animals[MESH]|Anticarcinogenic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH]|Apoptosis/drug effects[MESH]|DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology[MESH]|G1 Phase/drug effects[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Indoles/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH]|Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1[MESH]|PPAR gamma/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Androgen/analysis[MESH]|Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Steroid/physiology[MESH]|Structure-Activity Relationship[MESH]
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