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lüll Immune subversion by chromatin manipulation: a new face of host-bacterial pathogen interaction Arbibe LCell Microbiol 2008[Aug]; 10 (8): 1582-90Bacterial pathogens have evolved various strategies to avoid immune surveillance, depending of their in vivo'lifestyle'. The identification of few bacterial effectors capable to enter the nucleus and modifying chromatin structure in host raises the fascinating questions of how pathogens modulate chromatin structure and why. Chromatin is a dynamic structure that maintains the stability and accessibility of the host DNA genome to the transcription machinery. This review describes the various strategies used by pathogens to interface with host chromatin. In some cases, chromatin injury can be a strategy to take control of major cellular functions, such as the cell cycle. In other cases, manipulation of chromatin structure at specific genomic locations by modulating epigenetic information provides a way for the pathogen to impose its own transcriptional signature onto host cells. This emerging field should strongly influence our understanding of chromatin regulation at interphase nucleus and may provide invaluable openings to the control of immune gene expression in inflammatory and infectious diseases.|*Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly[MESH]|*Host-Pathogen Interactions[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Bacteria/*immunology[MESH]|Bacterial Infections/microbiology[MESH]|Chromatin/*metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Plant Diseases/microbiology[MESH]|Plants/microbiology[MESH]|Transcription, Genetic[MESH] |