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lüll Antimicrobial peptides and the skin immune defense system Schauber J; Gallo RLJ Allergy Clin Immunol 2008[Aug]; 122 (2): 261-6Our skin is constantly challenged by microbes but is rarely infected. Cutaneous production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a primary system for protection, and expression of some AMPs further increases in response to microbial invasion. Cathelicidins are unique AMPs that protect the skin through 2 distinct pathways: (1) direct antimicrobial activity and (2) initiation of a host response resulting in cytokine release, inflammation, angiogenesis, and reepithelialization. Cathelicidin dysfunction emerges as a central factor in the pathogenesis of several cutaneous diseases, including atopic dermatitis, in which cathelicidin is suppressed; rosacea, in which cathelicidin peptides are abnormally processed to forms that induce inflammation; and psoriasis, in which cathelicidin peptide converts self-DNA to a potent stimulus in an autoinflammatory cascade. Recent work identified vitamin D3 as a major factor involved in the regulation of cathelicidin. Therapies targeting control of cathelicidin and other AMPs might provide new approaches in the management of infectious and inflammatory skin diseases.|Animals[MESH]|Bacteria/immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Cathelicidins/*immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Cholecalciferol/*metabolism[MESH]|Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology/microbiology/therapy[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Psoriasis/immunology/microbiology/therapy[MESH]|Rosacea/immunology/microbiology/therapy[MESH]|Skin Diseases/*immunology/metabolism/therapy[MESH]|Skin/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology[MESH] |