Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
 free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
 free
 free
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
l�ll
Single-molecule studies of RNA polymerase: motoring along Herbert KM; Greenleaf WJ; Block SMAnnu Rev Biochem 2008[]; 77 (�): 149-76Single-molecule techniques have advanced our understanding of transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP). A new arsenal of approaches, including single-molecule fluorescence, atomic-force microscopy, magnetic tweezers, and optical traps (OTs) have been employed to probe the many facets of the transcription cycle. These approaches supply fresh insights into the means by which RNAP identifies a promoter, initiates transcription, translocates and pauses along the DNA template, proofreads errors, and ultimately terminates transcription. Results from single-molecule experiments complement the knowledge gained from biochemical and genetic assays by facilitating the observation of states that are otherwise obscured by ensemble averaging, such as those resulting from heterogeneity in molecular structure, elongation rate, or pause propensity. Most studies to date have been performed with bacterial RNAP, but work is also being carried out with eukaryotic polymerase (Pol II) and single-subunit polymerases from bacteriophages. We discuss recent progress achieved by single-molecule studies, highlighting some of the unresolved questions and ongoing debates.|Bacteria/metabolism[MESH]|Bacterial Proteins/chemistry[MESH]|Bacteriophages/metabolism[MESH]|Biochemistry/*methods[MESH]|Biophysics/methods[MESH]|DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*chemistry[MESH]|DNA/chemistry[MESH]|Escherichia coli/metabolism[MESH]|Kinetics[MESH]|Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods[MESH]|Promoter Regions, Genetic[MESH]|Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods[MESH]|Templates, Genetic[MESH]|Transcription, Genetic[MESH]|Transcriptional Elongation Factors[MESH] |