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lüll Modified prosthetic vascular conduits Kapadia MR; Popowich DA; Kibbe MRCirculation 2008[Apr]; 117 (14): 1873-82Atherosclerosis in the form of peripheral arterial disease results in significant morbidity. Surgical treatment options for peripheral arterial disease include angioplasty, endarterectomy, and bypass grafting. For bypass grafting, vein remains the conduit of choice; however, poor quality and limited availability have led to the use of prosthetic materials. Unfortunately, because of a lack of endothelium and compliance mismatch, neointimal hyperplasia develops aggressively, resulting in high failure rates. To improve graft patency, investigators have developed surgical, chemical, and biological graft modifications. This review describes common prosthetic materials, as well as approaches currently in use and under investigation to modify and improve prosthetic conduits for bypass grafting in an effort to improve graft patency rates.|*Blood Vessel Prosthesis/trends[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Anticoagulants/administration & dosage[MESH]|Biocompatible Materials[MESH]|Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation[MESH]|Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data[MESH]|Coated Materials, Biocompatible[MESH]|Drug Implants[MESH]|Endothelial Cells/transplantation[MESH]|Equipment Design[MESH]|Equipment Failure[MESH]|Graft Occlusion, Vascular/epidemiology/prevention & control[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Nitric Oxide Donors/administration & dosage[MESH]|Polytetrafluoroethylene[MESH]|Polyurethanes[MESH]|Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/etiology[MESH]|Retrospective Studies[MESH]|Transplantation, Autologous[MESH] |