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lüll Tumor formation due to abnormalities in the beta-catenin-independent pathway of Wnt signaling Kikuchi A; Yamamoto HCancer Sci 2008[Feb]; 99 (2): 202-8Wnt signaling is a complex pathway in which beta-catenin is typically viewed as a central mediator in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The significance of Wnt signaling in human cancer has been elucidated by the identification of mutations in genes coding for the beta-catenin-dependent pathway components, adenomatous polyposis coli gene product, beta-catenin, and Axin. Within the past 15 years, evidence has been growing of a beta-catenin-independent pathway in Wnt signaling. It is likely that this pathway activates several intracellular signaling systems to regulate cell migration, adhesion, and polarity. The beta-catenin-independent pathway has also been shown to play an important role in tumor biology. In contrast to the beta-catenin-dependent pathway, which is upregulated in many cancers and serves as a tumor promoter, the role of the beta-catenin-independent pathway is still controversial. Here we review recent developments in both the functions and mechanisms of the beta-catenin-independent pathway, with an emphasis on its functional contribution to human tumor progression.|*Signal Transduction[MESH]|Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Calcium/metabolism[MESH]|Dishevelled Proteins[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Neoplasms/*metabolism[MESH]|Phosphoproteins/metabolism[MESH]|Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|Wnt Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism[MESH] |