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lüll Exceptional longevity in men: modifiable factors associated with survival and function to age 90 years Yates LB; Djousse L; Kurth T; Buring JE; Gaziano JMArch Intern Med 2008[Feb]; 168 (3): 284-90BACKGROUND: Prospective data on nongenetic determinants of exceptional longevity are limited, and information on long-lived men and their functional status is particularly sparse. We examined modifiable factors associated with a life span of 90 or more years and late-life function in men. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study of 2357 healthy men (mean age, 72 years) within the Physicians' Health Study (1981-2006), biological and lifestyle factors and comorbid conditions were assessed by self-report with baseline and annual questionnaires. Mortality and incidence of major diseases were confirmed by medical record review. Late-life function was assessed 16 years after baseline by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. RESULTS: A total of 970 men (41%) survived to at least age 90 years. Smoking was associated with increased risk of mortality before age 90 years (hazard ratio [HR]; 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-2.51), and similar associations were observed with diabetes (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.52-2.26), obesity (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.10-1.90), and hypertension (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.15-1.43). Regular exercise was associated with a nearly 30% lower mortality risk (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62-0.83). The probability of a 90-year life span at age 70 years was 54% in the absence of smoking, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, or sedentary lifestyle. It ranged from 36% to 22% with 2 adverse factors and was negligible (4%) with 5. Compared with nonsurvivors, men with exceptional longevity had a healthier lifestyle (67% vs 53% had |*Aging[MESH]|*Health Behavior[MESH]|*Life Style[MESH]|*Longevity[MESH]|Aged[MESH]|Aged, 80 and over[MESH]|Chronic Disease[MESH]|Comorbidity[MESH]|Health Status[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Prospective Studies[MESH]|Risk Factors[MESH]|Surveys and Questionnaires[MESH] |