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lüll Functional imaging: CT and MRI van Beek EJ; Hoffman EAClin Chest Med 2008[Mar]; 29 (1): 195-216, viiNumerous imaging techniques permit evaluation of regional pulmonary function. Contrast-enhanced CT methods now allow assessment of vasculature and lung perfusion. Techniques using spirometric controlled multi-detector row CT allow for quantification of presence and distribution of parenchymal and airway pathology; xenon gas can be employed to assess regional ventilation of the lungs, and rapid bolus injections of iodinated contrast agent can provide a quantitative measure of regional parenchymal perfusion. Advances in MRI of the lung include gadolinium-enhanced perfusion imaging and hyperpolarized gas imaging, which allow functional assessment, including ventilation/perfusion, microscopic air space measurements, and gas flow and transport dynamics.|Humans[MESH]|Lung Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/*pathology[MESH]|Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation/*methods[MESH]|Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation/*methods[MESH] |