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lüll Behavioral characteristics and neurobiological substrates shared by Pavlovian sign-tracking and drug abuse Tomie A; Grimes KL; Pohorecky LABrain Res Rev 2008[Jun]; 58 (1): 121-35Drug abuse researchers have noted striking similarities between behaviors elicited by Pavlovian sign-tracking procedures and prominent symptoms of drug abuse. In Pavlovian sign-tracking procedures, repeated paired presentations of a small object (conditioned stimulus, CS) with a reward (unconditioned stimulus, US) elicits a conditioned response (CR) that typically consists of approaching the CS, contacting the CS, and expressing consummatory responses at the CS. Sign-tracking CR performance is poorly controlled and exhibits spontaneous recovery and long-term retention, effects that resemble relapse. Sign-tracking resembles psychomotor activation, a syndrome of behavioral responses evoked by addictive drugs, and the effects of sign-tracking on corticosterone levels and activation of dopamine pathways resemble the neurobiological effects of abused drugs. Finally, the neurobiological profile of individuals susceptible to sign-tracking resembles the pathophysiological profile of vulnerability to drug abuse, and vulnerability to sign-tracking predicts vulnerability to impulsive responding and alcohol self-administration. Implications of sign-tracking for models of drug addiction are considered.|Animals[MESH]|Biogenic Monoamines/analysis/metabolism[MESH]|Conditioning, Classical/*physiology[MESH]|Corticosterone/analysis/metabolism[MESH]|Dopamine/analysis/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Neural Pathways/physiology[MESH]|Psychomotor Performance/*physiology[MESH]|Stress, Psychological/metabolism/*physiopathology/psychology[MESH]|Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism/*physiopathology/psychology[MESH] |