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 Cancer treatment-related bone loss: a review and synthesis of the literature Khan MN; Khan AACurr Oncol  2008[Jan]; 15 (Suppl 1): S30-40Cancer therapy can result in significant bone loss and increased risk of  fragility fracture. Chemotherapy, aromatase inhibitors, and  gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues contribute to increases in the rate of  bone remodelling and reduce bone mineral density. Patients with prostate cancer  on androgen deprivation therapy experience an increase in the risk of fracture.  New research has demonstrated the key role played by bisphosphonates in  preventing declines in bone density and increases in bone remodelling. Novel  antiresorptive agents targeting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand  have great potential in skeletal protection and prevention of bone loss related  to cancer therapy. Early assessment of skeletal health, followed by initiation of  calcium, vitamin D, and an exercise program are valuable in the prevention and  treatment of osteoporosis. In addition, individuals at increased risk for  fracture should be offered antiresorptive therapy. Early data have demonstrated  that bisphosphonates are able to prevent the bone loss and increased bone  remodelling associated with cancer therapy, including aromatase inhibition and  androgen deprivation therapy. The present paper reviews the new research and  advances in the management of bone loss associated with both cancer therapy and  estrogen deficiency in the postmenopausal female.ä
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