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lüll Activator protein 1 (Fos/Jun) functions in inflammatory bone and skin disease Zenz R; Eferl R; Scheinecker C; Redlich K; Smolen J; Schonthaler HB; Kenner L; Tschachler E; Wagner EFArthritis Res Ther 2008[]; 10 (1): 201Activator protein 1 (AP-1) (Fos/Jun) is a transcriptional regulator composed of members of the Fos and Jun families of DNA binding proteins. The functions of AP-1 were initially studied in mouse development as well as in the whole organism through conventional transgenic approaches, but also by gene targeting using knockout strategies. The importance of AP-1 proteins in disease pathways including the inflammatory response became fully apparent through conditional mutagenesis in mice, in particular when employing gene inactivation in a tissue-specific and inducible fashion. Besides the well-documented roles of Fos and Jun proteins in oncogenesis, where these genes can function both as tumor promoters or tumor suppressors, AP-1 proteins are being recognized as regulators of bone and immune cells, a research area termed osteoimmunology. In the present article, we review recent data regarding the functions of AP-1 as a regulator of cytokine expression and an important modulator in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. These new data provide a better molecular understanding of disease pathways and should pave the road for the discovery of new targets for therapeutic applications.|Animals[MESH]|Arthritis, Psoriatic/metabolism[MESH]|Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism[MESH]|Bone Diseases/*metabolism[MESH]|Cytokines/metabolism[MESH]|Epidermis[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Inflammation/*metabolism[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/*metabolism[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*metabolism[MESH]|Psoriasis/metabolism[MESH]|Skin Diseases/*metabolism[MESH]|Transcription Factor AP-1/*metabolism[MESH] |