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lüll Orphan GPCR research Chung S; Funakoshi T; Civelli OBr J Pharmacol 2008[Mar]; 153 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): S339-46Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are receptors lacking endogenous ligands. Found by molecular biological analyses, they became the roots of reverse pharmacology, in which receptors are attempted to be matched to potential transmitters. Later, when high-throughput screening technology was applied to reverse pharmacology, dozens of orphan GPCRs became deorphanized. Furthermore, novel neuropeptides were discovered. This review retraces the history of the orphan GPCRs and of the discoveries of their endogenous ligands, it also discusses the difficulties that the search for new ligands is presently encountering.|Animals[MESH]|Drug Design[MESH]|Homeostasis/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Neuropeptides/genetics/physiology[MESH]|Nutritional Physiological Phenomena[MESH]|Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects/*genetics/physiology[MESH] |