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  lüll Lessons from fMRI about mapping cortical columns Kim SG; Fukuda MNeuroscientist  2008[Jun]; 14 (3): 287-99Recently developed fMRI can map small functional structures noninvasively and  repeatedly without any depth limitation. However, there has been a persistent  concern as to whether the high-resolution fMRI signals actually mark the sites of  increased neural activity. To examine this outstanding issue, the authors used  iso-orientation columns of isoflurane-anesthetized cats as a biological model and  confirmed the neural correlation of fMRI iso-orientation maps by comparing them  with intrinsic optical imaging maps. The results suggest that highest fMRI  signals indeed indicate the sites of increased neuronal activity. Now fMRI can be  used to determine plastic and/or developmental change of functional columnar  structure possibly on a layer-to-layer basis. In this review, the authors focus  mainly on what technical aspects should be considered when mapping functional  cortical columns, including imaging techniques and experimental design.|Animals[MESH]|Brain Mapping/*methods[MESH]|Cats[MESH]|Cerebral Cortex/anatomy & histology/blood supply/*physiology[MESH]|Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology[MESH]|Evoked Potentials/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods[MESH]|Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods[MESH]|Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/*physiology[MESH]|Optics and Photonics[MESH]|Orientation/physiology[MESH] |