Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
lüll
Long-term treatment of transsexuals with cross-sex hormones: extensive personal experience Gooren LJ; Giltay EJ; Bunck MCJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008[Jan]; 93 (1): 19-25CONTEXT: Transsexuals receive cross-sex hormone treatment. Its short-term use appears reasonably safe. Little is known about its long-term use. This report offers some perspectives. SETTING: The setting was a university hospital serving as the national referral center for The Netherlands (16 million people). PATIENTS: From the start of the gender clinic in 1975 up to 2006, 2236 male-to-female and 876 female-to-male transsexuals have received cross-sex hormone treatment. In principle, subjects are followed up lifelong. INTERVENTIONS: Male-to-female transsexuals receive treatment with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate 100 mg/d plus estrogens (previously 100 microg ethinyl estradiol, now 2-4 mg oral estradiol valerate/d or 100 microg transdermal estradiol/d). Female-to-male transsexuals receive parenteral testosterone esters 250 mg/2 wk. After 18-36 months, surgical sex reassignment including gonadectomy follows, inducing a profound hypogonadal state. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included morbidity and mortality data and data assessing risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: Mortality was not higher than in a comparison group. Regarding morbidity, with ethinyl estradiol, there was a 6-8% incidence of venous thrombosis, which is no longer the case with use of other types of estrogens. Continuous use of cross-sex hormones is required to prevent osteoporosis. Androgen deprivation plus an estrogen milieu in male-to-female transsexuals has a larger deleterious effect on cardiovascular risk factors than inducing an androgenic milieu in female-to-male transsexuals, but there is so far no elevated cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. Low numbers of endocrine-related cancers have been observed in male-to-female transsexuals. CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sex hormone treatment of transsexuals seems acceptably safe over the short and medium term, but solid clinical data are lacking.|Androgen Antagonists/*administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH]|Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced[MESH]|Cyproterone Acetate/*administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH]|Estradiol/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Osteoporosis/chemically induced[MESH]|Testosterone/*administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH]|Transsexualism/*drug therapy[MESH] |
