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The universal character of the tumor-associated antigen survivin Andersen MH; Svane IM; Becker JC; Straten PTClin Cancer Res 2007[Oct]; 13 (20): 5991-4Survivin is expressed in most human neoplasms, but is absent in normal, differentiated tissues. Survivin is a bifunctional inhibitor of apoptosis protein that has been implicated in protection from apoptosis and regulation of mitosis. Several clinical trials targeting survivin with a collection of different approaches from small molecule antagonists to immunotherapy are currently under way. With regard to the latter, spontaneous anti-survivin T-cell reactivity has been described in cancer patients suffering from a huge range of cancers of different origin, e.g., breast and colon cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, and melanoma. Thus, survivin may serve as a universal target antigen for anticancer immunotherapy. Accordingly, down-regulation of survivin as a means of immune escape would severely inflict the survival capacity of tumor cells, which highlights this protein as a prime target candidate for therapeutic vaccinations against cancer. Data from several ongoing phase I/II trials targeting survivin for patients with advanced cancer will provide further information about this idea.|*Apoptosis[MESH]|*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Antigens, Neoplasm/*chemistry[MESH]|Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology[MESH]|Clinical Trials as Topic[MESH]|Down-Regulation[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunotherapy/methods[MESH]|Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins[MESH]|Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Neoplasms/*metabolism[MESH]|Protein Biosynthesis[MESH]|Survivin[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism[MESH] |
