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lüll Structure and mechanics of integrin-based cell adhesion Arnaout MA; Goodman SL; Xiong JPCurr Opin Cell Biol 2007[Oct]; 19 (5): 495-507Integrins are alpha/beta heterodimeric adhesion glycoprotein receptors that regulate a wide variety of dynamic cellular processes such as cell migration, phagocytosis, and growth and development. X-ray crystallography of the integrin ectodomain revealed its modular architecture and defined its metal-dependent interaction with extracellular ligands. This interaction is regulated from inside the cell (inside-out activation), through the short cytoplasmic alpha and beta integrin tails, which also mediate biochemical and mechanical signals transmitted to the cytoskeleton by the ligand-occupied integrins, effecting major changes in cell shape, behavior, and fate. Recent advances in the structural elucidation of integrins and integrin-binding cytoskeleton proteins are the subjects of this review.|*Protein Conformation[MESH]|*Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cell Adhesion/*physiology[MESH]|Crystallography, X-Ray[MESH]|Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Focal Adhesions/metabolism[MESH]|Integrins/*chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure[MESH]|Ligands[MESH]|Models, Molecular[MESH]|Molecular Sequence Data[MESH]|Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular[MESH]|Signal Transduction/physiology[MESH]|Talin/metabolism[MESH] |