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Radiation therapy and chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis Volpato LE; Silva TC; Oliveira TM; Sakai VT; Machado MABraz J Otorhinolaryngol 2007[Jul]; 73 (4): 562-8Increasing the intensity of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the management of cancer has increased the incidence of adverse effects, especially oral mucositis. AIM AND METHODS: a bibliographical review was conducted on the definition of oral mucositis, its clinical findings, the incidence, its etiology, the pathophysiology, associated morbidity, prevention and treatment. RESULTS: current studies define oral mucositis as a very frequent and painful inflammation with ulcers on the oral mucosa that are covered by a pseudo membrane. The incidence and severity of lesions are influenced by patient and treatment variables. Oral mucositis is a result of two major mechanisms: direct toxicity on the mucosa and myelosuppression due to the treatment. Its pathophysiology is composed of four interdependent phases: an initial inflammatory/vascular phase; an epithelial phase; an ulcerative/bacteriological phase; and a healing phase. It is considered a potential source of life-threatening infection and often is a dose-limiting factor in anticancer therapy. Some interventions have been shown to be potentially effective to prevent and treat oral mucositis. Further intensive research through well-structured clinical trials to obtain the best scientific evidence over the standard therapy of oral mucositis is necessary to attain ideal parameters for radiotherapy and chemotherapy.|Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mouth Mucosa/drug effects/radiation effects[MESH]|Neoplasms/drug therapy/radiotherapy[MESH]|Radiotherapy/*adverse effects[MESH]|Stomatitis/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy[MESH] |
