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lüll Treatment options in renal cell carcinoma: past, present and future Oudard S; George D; Medioni J; Motzer RAnn Oncol 2007[Sep]; 18 Suppl 10 (ä): x25-31Cytokine therapies have been the standard of care in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, these agents only provide clinical benefit to a small subset of patients and are associated with significant toxicity. A better understanding of the molecular biology of RCC has identified the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor signalling pathways as rational targets for anticancer therapy. The multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib have both demonstrated improved efficacy as second-line therapy in patients with RCC. Sunitinib has also been shown to be effective in the first-line setting, and has recently received European Union approval as first-line treatment for advanced and/or metastatic RCC. There is also recent evidence that temsirolimus (an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin) and bevacizumab (a mAb targeted against VEGF) may provide benefits in the first-line treatment setting. These results confirm that inhibiting these tumour targets is a feasible approach to treatment and provides a more positive outlook for the future management of metastatic RCC.|Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized[MESH]|Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use[MESH]|Benzenesulfonates/therapeutic use[MESH]|Bevacizumab[MESH]|Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*drug therapy/metabolism[MESH]|Cytokines/therapeutic use[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Indoles/therapeutic use[MESH]|Kidney Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism[MESH]|Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives[MESH]|Phenylurea Compounds[MESH]|Pyridines/therapeutic use[MESH]|Pyrroles/therapeutic use[MESH]|Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use[MESH]|Sorafenib[MESH]|Sunitinib[MESH] |