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lüll piRNAs--the ancient hunters of genome invaders Hartig JV; Tomari Y; Forstemann KGenes Dev 2007[Jul]; 21 (14): 1707-13In addition to miRNAs and siRNAs, a third small RNA silencing system has been uncovered that prevents the spreading of selfish genetic elements. Production of the Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs), which mediate the silencing activity in this pathway, is initiated at a few master control regions within the genome. The nature of the primary piRNA-generating transcript is still unknown, but RNA interference (RNAi)-like cleavage events are likely defining the 5'-ends of mature piRNAs. We summarize the recent literature on piRNA biogenesis and function with an emphasis on work in Drosophila, where genetics and biochemistry have met very successfully.|*Gene Silencing[MESH]|*Genome[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|DNA Damage[MESH]|Drosophila/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Models, Genetic[MESH]|Mutation[MESH]|RNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|RNA/*genetics/metabolism[MESH] |