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lüll GABA(A) receptors: structure and function in the basal ganglia Goetz T; Arslan A; Wisden W; Wulff PProg Brain Res 2007[]; 160 (ä): 21-41gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors responsible for fast inhibition in the basal ganglia, belong to the superfamily of "cys-cys loop" ligand-gated ion channels. GABA(A) receptors form as pentameric assemblies of subunits, with a central Cl(-) permeable pore. On binding of two GABA molecules to the extracellular receptor domain, a conformational change is induced in the oligomer and Cl(-), in most adult neurons, moves into the cell leading to an inhibitory hyperpolarization. Nineteen mammalian subunit genes have been identified, each showing distinct regional and cell-type-specific expression. The combinatorial assembly of the subunits generates considerable functional diversity. Here we place the focus on GABA(A) receptor expression in the basal ganglia: striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus, where, in addition to the standard alpha1beta2/3gamma2 receptor subtype, significant levels of other subunits (alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, gamma1, gamma3 and delta) are expressed in some nuclei.|Allosteric Regulation/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Basal Ganglia/anatomy & histology/*metabolism[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Ion Channel Gating/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Neural Inhibition/*physiology[MESH]|Protein Structure, Tertiary/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Protein Subunits/drug effects/genetics/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|Synaptic Transmission/drug effects/physiology[MESH] |