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lüll The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch in T cell activation, differentiation, and tolerance Liu YCSemin Immunol 2007[Jun]; 19 (3): 197-205Tagging a small molecule ubiquitin to a protein substrate, or protein ubiquitination, plays an important role in the immune responses. This process is catalyzed by a cascade of enzymatic reactions, with the E3 ubiquitin ligases being the critical enzymes that determine the specificity of substrate recognition. The E3 ligase Itch was identified from a mutant mouse which displays skin scratching and abnormal immune disorders. In the past few years, much progress has been made in our understanding of Itch-promoted protein ubiquitination, modulation of its ligase activity by upstream kinases, and the kinase-ligase interaction in T cell differentiation and tolerance induction.|Animals[MESH]|Cell Differentiation/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immune Tolerance/*immunology[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/metabolism[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology[MESH]|Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes/immunology[MESH]|Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*immunology[MESH] |