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lüll Current insights in intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome de Laet IE; Malbrain MMed Intensiva 2007[Mar]; 31 (2): 88-99A compartment syndrome exists when increased pressure in a closed anatomic space threatens the viability of the tissue within the compartment. When this occurs in the abdominal cavity it threatens not only the function of the intra-abdominal organs, but it can have a devastating effect on distant organs as well. Recent animal and human data suggest that the adverse effects of elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) can occur at lower levels than previously thought and even before the development of clinically overt abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The ACS is not a disease but truly a syndrome, a spectrum of symptoms and signs that can and mostly does have multiple causes. It is only recently that this condition received a heightened awareness. This article reflects the current state of knowledge on intra-abdominal pressure regarding etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, IAP measurement, organ dysfunction, prevention and treatment.|*Abdominal Cavity[MESH]|*Compartment Syndromes/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology/surgery[MESH]|Abdominal Wall/physiopathology[MESH]|Algorithms[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Ascites/complications[MESH]|Brain Edema/etiology[MESH]|Capillary Leak Syndrome/complications[MESH]|Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology[MESH]|Compliance[MESH]|Fluid Therapy/adverse effects[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use[MESH]|Intestinal Diseases/complications[MESH]|Intubation, Gastrointestinal[MESH]|Laparotomy[MESH]|Liver Diseases/complications[MESH]|Manometry[MESH]|Octreotide/therapeutic use[MESH]|Peritoneal Diseases/complications[MESH]|Pressure[MESH]|Renal Insufficiency/etiology[MESH]|Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control[MESH]|Respiration Disorders/etiology[MESH]|Viscera/pathology[MESH] |