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Transcriptional regulation of T cell tolerance Bandyopadhyay S; Soto-Nieves N; Macian FSemin Immunol 2007[Jun]; 19 (3): 180-7Self-reactive T cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be kept under control in the periphery. Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include deletion or functional inactivation of self-reactive T cells and mechanisms of dominant tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells. In the absence of costimulation, T cell receptor (TCR) engagement results in unopposed calcium signaling that leads to the activation of a cell-intrinsic program of inactivation, which makes T cells hyporesponsive to subsequent stimulations. The activation of this program in anergic T cells is a consequence of the induction of a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent program of gene expression. Recent studies have offered new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the implementation and maintenance of T cell anergy and have provided evidence that the proteins encoded by the genes upregulated in anergic T cells are responsible for the implementation of anergy by interfering with TCR signaling or directly inhibiting cytokine gene transcription.|*Transcription, Genetic[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Clonal Anergy[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immune Tolerance/*physiology[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/*immunology[MESH] |
