Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
free free
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing |
lüll Encoding of the cough reflex Canning BJPulm Pharmacol Ther 2007[]; 20 (4): 396-401Coughing can be both voluntarily induced and involuntarily initiated by activation of vagal afferent nerves innervating the airways and lungs. Centrally, cough is regulated at the level of the brainstem through integration of vagal afferent nerve input by relay neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS). Projections to and from the nTS add further complexity to cough regulation, as do the profound influences of psychological and social factors known to regulate cough. Peripherally, both neuronal and non-neuronal elements in the airways regulate the excitability of the vagal afferent nerve terminals regulating cough. These multiple levels of integration and encoding of the cough reflex may render this defensive respiratory response highly susceptible to modulation both by disease processes and through therapeutic intervention.|*Respiratory Physiological Phenomena[MESH]|Afferent Pathways/physiology[MESH]|Antitussive Agents/pharmacology[MESH]|Brain Stem/physiology[MESH]|Cough/*physiopathology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Neurons, Afferent/physiology[MESH]|Reflex/*physiology[MESH]|Respiratory System/*innervation[MESH]|Solitary Nucleus/physiology[MESH]|Vagus Nerve/physiology[MESH] |