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lüll An inflammatory review of glucocorticoid actions in the CNS Sorrells SF; Sapolsky RMBrain Behav Immun 2007[Mar]; 21 (3): 259-72In recent years, the classic view that glucocorticoids, the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, are universally anti-inflammatory has been challenged at a variety of levels. It was first observed that under some circumstances, acute GC exposure could have pro-inflammatory effects on the peripheral immune response. More recently, chronic exposure to GCs has been found to have pro-inflammatory effects on the specialized immune response to injury in the central nervous system. Here we review the evidence that in some cases, glucocorticoids can increase pro-inflammatory cell migration, cytokine production, and even transcription factor activity in the brain. We consider how these unexpected effects of glucocorticoids can co-exist with their well-established anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the considerable clinical implications of these findings.|Central Nervous System Diseases/*immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Central Nervous System/*immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Glucocorticoids/immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Inflammation/immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Stress, Physiological/immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |