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lüll Somatic hypermutation: activation-induced deaminase for C/G followed by polymerase eta for A/T Neuberger MS; Rada CJ Exp Med 2007[Jan]; 204 (1): 7-10Somatic hypermutation (SHM) introduces nucleotide substitutions into immunoglobulin variable (Ig V) region genes at all four bases, but the mutations at C/G and A/T pairs are achieved by distinct mechanisms. Mutations at C/G pairs are a direct consequence of the C-->U deamination catalyzed by activation-induced deaminase (AID). Mutations at A/T pairs, however, require a second mutagenic process that occurs during patch repair of the AID-generated U/G mismatch. Several DNA polymerases have been proposed to play a role in SHM, but accumulating evidence indicates that the mutations at A/T are overwhelmingly achieved by recruitment of DNA polymerase eta.|*Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Base Pairing[MESH]|Cytidine Deaminase/*metabolism[MESH]|DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism[MESH]|DNA/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Models, Genetic[MESH] |