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Should conventional angiography be the gold standard for carotid stenosis?Zhang WW; Harris LM; Dryjski MLJ Endovasc Ther 2006[Dec]; 13 (6): 723-8PURPOSE: To compare conventional angiography (CA) and rotational angiography (RA) to assess the degree of angiographically-measured stenosis versus cross-sectional area (CSA) stenosis in an in vitro carotid model. METHODS: Various grades of stenosis were created by adhering different amounts of silicone rubber sealant onto the inner wall of clear, radiolucent tubes. Following 2- and 3-projection CA and 20-projection RA, the tubes were transected at the actual maximum stenosis. The cross-sectional areas were digitally photographed, and CSA stenosis was calculated using ImageJ planimeter software. The differences among CA, RA, and CSA stenosis measurements were compared statistically. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between RA and CSA stenosis measurements (p=0.46). Conventional angiography with 2 or 3 projections between 0 degrees and 90 degrees underestimated the severity of disease in 19 (63%) of 30 samples. The maximum stenosis percentage was significantly lower in CA versus RA (p<0.0001 in 2-projection, p<0.0003 in 3-projection) and in CA versus CSA stenosis (p<0.0004 in 2-projection, p<0.001 in 3-projection). The maximum stenosis percentages measured by RA were less than CSA stenosis in 5 (71.4%) of 7 tubes (p=NS) containing 50% to 69% stenoses. Eight tubes had mountain-shaped lesions, which was significantly overestimated by RA (11.5%+/-9.7%, p<0.012). CONCLUSION: CA with 2 or 3 projections significantly underestimates the maximum stenosis in an in vitro model. RA may overestimate disease in patients with mountain-shaped plaques and may underestimate disease if the stenosis is <70%. Our data suggest that CA should not be the gold standard for the qualification of carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients, nor for vascular laboratory quality assurance analysis.|*Severity of Illness Index[MESH]|Angiography, Digital Subtraction/adverse effects/*methods/standards[MESH]|Angiography/adverse effects/*methods/standards[MESH]|Bias[MESH]|Carotid Stenosis/classification/*diagnostic imaging/surgery[MESH]|Endarterectomy, Carotid[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Anatomic[MESH]|Models, Cardiovascular[MESH]|Patient Selection[MESH]|Practice Guidelines as Topic[MESH]|Single-Blind Method[MESH] |
