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Highly fluorescent noble-metal quantum dots Zheng J; Nicovich PR; Dickson RMAnnu Rev Phys Chem 2007[]; 58 (ä): 409-31Highly fluorescent, water-soluble, few-atom noble-metal quantum dots have been created that behave as multielectron artificial atoms with discrete, size-tunable electronic transitions throughout the visible and near infrared. These molecular metals exhibit highly polarizable transitions and scale in size according to the simple relation E(Fermi)/N(1/3), predicted by the free-electron model of metallic behavior. This simple scaling indicates that fluorescence arises from intraband transitions of free electrons, and these conduction-electron transitions are the low-number limit of the plasmon-the collective dipole oscillations occurring when a continuous density of states is reached. Providing the missing link between atomic and nanoparticle behavior in noble metals, these emissive, water-soluble Au nanoclusters open new opportunities for biological labels, energy-transfer pairs, and light-emitting sources in nanoscale optoelectronics.|*Quantum Dots[MESH]|Fluorescent Dyes/*chemistry[MESH]|Metals/*chemistry[MESH]|Models, Chemical[MESH]|Nanostructures/chemistry[MESH]|Photochemistry[MESH] |
