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The melanocortin system in leukocyte biology Catania AJ Leukoc Biol 2007[Feb]; 81 (2): 383-92The melanocortin system is composed of the melanocortin peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the melanocortin receptors (MCRs), and the endogenous antagonists agouti- and agouti-related protein. Melanocortin peptides exert multiple effects upon the host, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Leukocytes are a source of melanocortins and a major target for these peptides. Because of reduced translocation of the nuclear factor NF-kappaB to the nucleus, MCR activation by their ligands causes a collective reduction of the most important molecules involved in the inflammatory process. This review examines how melanocortin peptides and their receptors participate in leukocyte biology.|Animals[MESH]|Cell Nucleus/drug effects/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Leukocytes/drug effects/*immunology[MESH]|Melanocortins/*immunology/pharmacology[MESH]|Models, Immunological[MESH]|NF-kappa B/drug effects/immunology[MESH]|Receptors, Melanocortin/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology[MESH]|Signal Transduction/immunology[MESH] |
