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lüll Rheostat control of gene expression by metabolites Ladurner AGMol Cell 2006[Oct]; 24 (1): 1-11Organisms adapt to changes in environmental conditions by altering gene expression. Such homeostatic control is apparent in metabolism, where biosynthetic metabolites play a role in regulatory feedback loops. Increasing evidence shows that small-molecule metabolites also shape the structure of chromatin and directly regulate the transcription and translation processes. These endogenous metabolites bind specialized histones, are used as substrates by chromatin-modifying enzymes, regulate the activity of transcriptional corepressors, and even modulate the structure of RNA itself. In doing so, they act as dynamic rheostats that fine-tune the activity of hard-wired gene circuits. Metabolites emerge as key effectors in tweaking gene expression.|*Models, Genetic[MESH]|Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/physiology[MESH]|Chromatin/metabolism/ultrastructure[MESH]|Epigenesis, Genetic[MESH]|Feedback, Physiological/*physiology[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology[MESH]|Histones/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Oxidation-Reduction[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH]|Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/physiology[MESH] |